The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery

Major-General Sir Sam Steele KCMG, CB, MVO (1849 – 1919)

Samuel Benfield Steele was born at Purbrook, Ontario, in 1849, the son of a retired Royal Navy Captain. Following the family military tradition, he enlisted in the Simcoe Militia during the Fenian Raids of 1866. He qualified for an Ensign’s commission, however, preferred to serve in the ranks to gain experience. As a private soldier, he accompanied Wolseley on his expedition to the Red River.

He returned to Ontario, and still keenly interested in the military, was one of the first to enlist in the first Canadian regular army unit, "A" Battery of the Royal Canadian Artillery. An active and robust soldier, young Same Steele was quick to master a measure of the gunner’s art and was soon promoted sergeant.

In August of 1873, plans were being laid for the creation of the North West Mounted Police. Sergeant Steele arranged to be introduced to Major Walsh, the Force Recruiter. Having arranged to serve with Walsh as his Sergeant-Major if a discharge from the artillery could be arranged, Steele next appealed to Lieutenant-Colonel French (who was to be the first commissioner of the North West Mounted Police) who, of course, granted the requested discharge. Steele was the third man to enlist. He took part in the great western march of the North West Mounted Police in 1874, travelling over 1,255 miles on horseback.

Steele’s duties primarily involved policing the area through which the Canadian Pacific Railway was being built, enforcing prohibition and generally keeping order. In April 1885 he was appointed Superintendent and, when the North West Rebellion broke out, organized a mounted force called "Steele’s Scouts"; he subsequently commanded the cavalry that went in pursuit of Big Bear.

In 1887 he was dispatched into the Kootenays where American miners were clashing with the natives. Here he established Fort Steele, now a historic park.

During the Klondike Gold Rush, Steele was sent north to police the mountain passes connecting the Alaskan seacoast and the Canadian gold fields. His exploits in the Klondike are legendary; numerous authors have written stirring accounts of "Smoothbore Steele", a nickname referring to his gunner origin.

No sooner had the Klondike quieted than war broke out in South Africa. Steele resigned from the North West Mounted Police to become the founding commander of Lord Strathcona’s Horse in 1899. After the war he remained in South Africa to command the Trasvaaal Section of the South African Mounted Constabulary.

He returned to Canada in 1906 and joined the Permanent Force, commanding in turn the Calgary and Winnipeg Military Districts and rising to the rank of Major-General. In 1914 he became Inspector General for Western Canada, responsible for the training of western troops for the Second Contingent of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. He commanded and trained the 2nd Canadian Division and accompanied it to England although not to the front. He remained as commander of the Shorncliffe Area and after hostilities ceased, retired from the army in 1918.

Retirement did not sit well with Sam Steele and, nearing seventy years of age, he died on 30 January 1919 in London England, where he was accorded a hero’s funeral.

With his death, an age passed away; the Canadian West would never again be the same and other figures would pale by comparison. His life and times loom large on history’s screen.

His early days with the Royal Canadian Artillery contributed strongly to what he was, and what he became. Through men like him, The Royal Regiment played a significant role in the opening of the Canadian West – he was one of a kind.